FARMACI, INQUINAMENTO AMBIENTALE ED EFFETTI SULLA SALUTE
Inquinamento ambientale dei farmacidrugs and environmental pollution: Latest results from PubMed
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Land application of sewage sludge as a pathway for emerging contaminants: a comparative review of microplastics, PFAS, and pharmaceuticals
Agricultural application of treated sewage sludge supports nutrient and organic matter recovery but can also transfer emerging contaminants retained in or associated with sludge during wastewater treatment to soil. This review evaluates microplastics (MPs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and pharmaceutical residues across their sources, sludge association, treatment response, agricultural loading, environmental fate, exposure pathways, potential effects, and regulation. Evidence... -
Pharmaceutical Pollution in India: Industrial Clustering, Environmental Hotspots, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Regulatory Gaps
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pharmaceutical pollution has emerged as a critical threat to environmental integrity and public health globally, with India occupying a uniquely prominent position as both the world's leading generic drug manufacturer and a major hotspot of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) contamination. This review synthesizes current evidence on the distribution, magnitude, and health consequences of pharmaceutical pollution across India's principal manufacturing clusters and river... -
Sitagliptin beyond low aquatic risk: mobility, transformation products, and mixture uncertainty in water-reuse agroecosystems
Sitagliptin is commonly treated as a low-concern pharmaceutical in conventional aquatic risk assessment of the parent compound. That conclusion is useful, but it becomes incomplete when treated wastewater, biosolids, dissolved organic matter (DOM), co-occurring antidiabetic drugs, and transformation products (TPs) reshape exposure pathways. This focused critical narrative review uses sitagliptin as a model compound for testing the limits of predicted environmental concentration/predicted... -
Ferroptosis-immune crosstalk in ionizing radiation-induced testicular injury: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis-an iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven form of regulated cell death-may contribute substantially to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced testicular injury. In this review, we develop a hypothesis-generating framework for ferroptosis-immune crosstalk in the testis. Within this framework, ferroptotic injury to Sertoli cells is proposed to compromise the blood-testis barrier (BTB), potentially facilitating autoantigen exposure and adaptive immune... -
Psychotropic drugs in drinking water? A scoping review of evidence on diazepam and fluoxetine
The global prevalence of mental disorders has increased considerably in recent decades. This evidence, associated with population growth and the expansion of access to medications, favors the growing global consumption of psychotropic drugs. Consequently, an increasing load of these substances is introduced into the environment, especially into water bodies, characterizing them as emerging contaminants. This scoping review study aimed to integrate data and provide a global overview of the... -
Fate of pharmaceuticals in soil: A critical review on detection, distribution, and persistence
The increasing consumption and improper disposal of pharmaceuticals have led to their widespread occurrence in terrestrial environments, particularly in soils. The environmental concern associated with pharmaceuticals arises from their distribution and persistence in soil systems, which are governed by processes such as leaching, groundwater interactions, sorption, and slow degradation rates. Despite their potential ecological risks, the fate of pharmaceuticals in soil remains insufficiently... -
Occurrence, fate, and environmental loss of antiparasitic veterinary drugs in animal waste
Antiparasitic veterinary drugs, specifically anthelmintics, anticoccidials and ectoparasiticides, are increasingly recognised as global environmental contaminants, entering agroecosystems primarily via animal excreta and accumulating in manure and slurry before transfer to soils, water bodies and crops. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of these drug classes, covering usage patterns, excretion and persistence dynamics, occurrence in manure and slurry, within-manure transformation... -
Symbiotoxicity and infectious diseases: A proposed conceptual framework linking the exposome, microbiome, resistome, and infection risk
Symbiotoxicity refers to the capacity of environmental stressors to alter not only the host organism, but also the microbiomes with which it lives in symbiosis. Applied to infectious diseases, this concept suggests that drug, chemical, or environmental exposure could promote certain infections by disrupting the protective functions of the microbiome. Intestinal, respiratory, skin, and vaginal microbiomes contribute to colonization resistance, maintenance of epithelial barriers, maturation of... -
Nanosensors and Nanosorbents for Pharmaceutical Pollution: Toward Integrated Environmental Management: A Critical Review
Pharmaceutical residues persist across wastewater, surface water, sediments, sludge, and reuse systems, creating temporally variable mixtures that are incompletely captured by episodic monitoring and unevenly removed by conventional treatment. This critical review evaluates nanosensors and nanosorbents for pharmaceutical-pollution monitoring and control using matrix recovery, reference-method bias, assay time, breakthrough behavior, regeneration retention, leaching, and life-cycle burden as... -
Drugs in the environment, viruses in the balance: a review of the untold nexus of pharmaceuticals and virology
CONCLUSION: We propose a next-generation environmental risk assessment paradigm that integrates viral ecological outcomes, moving beyond traditional chemical-focused models. This review advances the field from fragmented evidence to a unified framework for environmental public health policy and practice. -
Plant by-products as a valuble source of natural antiglycemic compounds: Economic aspects and alternative raw material sources
Plant by-products, often considered as waste in various agricultural and food processing industries, have emerged as a valuable source of natural antidiabetic or antihyperglycemic compounds. These compounds, derived from plant materials that would otherwise be discarded, have the potential to mitigate the global burden of diabetes and offer sustainable solutions for glycemic control. Prominent groups of natural antidiabetic compounds found in plant by-products are polyphenols, as well as... -
Pathogenic Foodborne Bacteria in the Game Meat of Hunted Large Ungulates-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Zoonotic bacterial pathogens are a major concern for food safety, yet information regarding their occurrence in game meat remains fragmented. This systematic review synthesizes available data on Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria spp., Yersinia spp., and Campylobacter spp. in game meat from hunted wild ungulates. Relevant studies published between 2004 and 2024 were identified through structured database searches and screened using predefined criteria. Data... -
Beyond the drug-centric view: Advancing AI virtual cell platforms for environmental perturbation modelling
Environmental exposures contribute substantially to global morbidity and mortality, with their bio¬logical effects shaped by factors such as dose, exposure duration, life-stage timing, and cumulative or sequential exposure patterns. With rapid advances in AI-based virtual cell technologies, current frameworks emphasize genetic and pharmacological perturbations, leaving environmental pertur¬bations insufficiently modelled. This imbalance is due to fundamental structural limitations in data... -
Next-generation fluorescent and electrochemical sensors using biomass-derived CQDs
Ensuring food safety across complex supply chains requires rapid, sensitive, and field-deployable methods for detecting chemical contaminants, microbial hazards, and spoilage indicators in real food matrices. Biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (B-CQDs) offer a sustainable sensing platform because of their tunable photoluminescence, abundant surface functionalities, biocompatibility, and compatibility with low-cost synthesis. Distinct from reviews focused primarily on synthesis or fluorescent... -
Restricted access materials in food analyses
Determining contaminants and residues in food matrices is essential to ensure consumer safety and product quality. Analytical methods are employed for this purpose, with sample preparation representing a critical step that must be carefully performed. Restricted access materials (RAMs) have emerged as valuable tools to simplify this process, minimizing the number of steps while improving analyte recovery. Among their major advantages is the ability to exclude macromolecules (like proteins,... -
Colorimetric hydrogel indicators for real-time food spoilage monitoring: From fundamental principles, via monitoring mechanism to emerging applications
Global food spoilage necessitates real-time monitoring. Colorimetric hydrogel indicators offer cost-effective, visually intuitive smart packaging solutions. This review surveys advances in field over 2016-2026, beginning with basic principles of hydrogel matrices, ranging from simple single-network to mechanically enhanced double-network systems. It then explores various monitoring mechanisms, explaining how colorimetric agents, such as halochromic dyes, plasmonic nanoparticles, enzyme-based... -
Rapid and Green Extraction of Food Contaminants: Integrating Advanced Porous Materials and Miniaturized Functional Platforms for Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Analysis
The rapid and reliable monitoring of trace contaminants through chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis is a very important but challenging task in food safety monitoring, in which efficient sample pretreatment is critical. Integrating advanced porous materials (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and molecularly imprinted polymers) with miniaturized functional platforms (e.g., metal probes, wooden tips, and filter paper) offers a promising solution. This "porous... -
Molecular Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Emerging-Pollutant Toxicity in Human Reproduction: From Xenobiotic Exposure to Fertility Impairment and Reproductive Carcinogenesis
Human fertility is declining across industrialised populations, while the incidence of hormone-dependent reproductive cancers rises. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and structurally related emerging pollutants are implicated in both. These two outcomes are generally reviewed as separate studies. This review argues that they are two latencies of a single molecular toxicology. The compounds concerned are structurally diverse: phthalates, bisphenols, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances... -
Planetary health and pharmacology: Addressing the ecological impact and circular threat of pharmaceuticals
Drug safety science has expanded beyond patient-level pharmacovigilance to address the environmental consequences of pharmaceutical use. Pharmaceuticals are now detected across diverse ecosystems, but traditional single-compound, high-dose toxicological frameworks remain inadequate for evaluating chronic, low-dose, multi-compound environmental exposures. This review provides a mechanistic analysis of pharmaceutical ecotoxicity, tracing how molecular interactions with conserved biological targets... -
Microalgae-mediated treatment of pharmaceutical contaminants: degradation pathways, advance system design, and priority research needs
Pharmaceutical residues are increasingly detected in freshwater systems at concentrations ranging from g/L to /L, raising concerns due to their persistence, bioactivity, and potential ecological and human health impacts. Conventional wastewater treatment plants typically achieve limited removal efficiencies (often 30-60% for many compounds such as carbamazepine and diclofenac), necessitating alternative treatment strategies. This review critically evaluates microalgae-based pond and consortia... -
Pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in environmental waters: A systematic review and quantitative analysis of global trends 2004-2021. Part 2
Pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs are environmental contaminants of concern due to their persistence and health impacts. Whilst spatial and temporal patterns have been extensively studied, seasonal variations remain under-explored globally. This review examined studies across six continents, synthesising wastewater and surface water data to identify seasonal patterns. Rather than a uniform global trend, seasonal peaks are continent- and matrix-specific. In Europe, effluent concentrations were... -
Multienzyme-mimetic nanozym es for food safety detection: Cascade catalytic design, activity regulation, and sensing applications
Ultrasensitive detection of trace-level hazardous substances (pesticide residues, heavy metals, bacteria, veterinary drugs, food additives, organic pollutants) is critical for food safety. Conventional methods are costly, complex, or insufficiently sensitive in complex matrices. Multienzyme-mimetic nanozymes, integrating peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and laccase activities, enable self-cascading signal amplification, overcoming the limited versatility of single-activity... -
Research advances on comprehensive utilization of non-medicinal parts of Coptis chinensis
Non-medicinal parts(NMP) of Coptis chinensis are abundant but have long been discarded as agricultural waste, resulting in resource wastage and environmental pollution. Research indicates that NMP contains active components similar to those in rhizomes, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids. These components exhibit pharmacological activities such as hypoglycemic and lipid-regulating effects, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial activity, while demonstrating high safety... -
Pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in environmental waters: A systematic review and quantitative analysis of global trends 2004-2021. Part 1
Pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs are increasingly recognised as hazardous environmental contaminants, yet global-scale temporal analyses remain limited. This systematic review and quantitative analysis of research published between 2008 and 2021, examines the occurrence of substances across wastewaters and impacted surface waters across six continents and whether temporal patterns coincided with anthropogenic activities and major global events. Significant temporal variations were observed,... -
The microbiota at the interface of environmental toxicants and the brain
Throughout life, humans are exposed to a diverse array of xenobiotics originating from diet, pharmaceuticals, and environmental contaminants. Positioned at the interface between the host and the external environment, the gut microbiota is uniquely situated to both sense and modify the effects of these exposures prior to systemic circulation and delivery to their host targets. Growing evidence indicates that the microbiota play critical roles in shaping xenobiotic fate through both direct... -
Mechanisms of toxicity and stress tolerance in aquatic plants under combined exposure to pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and eutrophication: A meta-analysis
Given the increasing co-occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and eutrophication in aquatic environments, it is crucial to understand PPCP-nutrient-plant interactions and their combined ecological impact. However, the literature regarding quantitative thresholds and metabolic trade-offs remain highly fragmented. In this meta-analysis, we compiled a dataset comprising 407 observations from 38 rigorously screened studies, covering various PPCP classes and floating,... -
Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Indian Freshwaters: Toxicological Pathways, Ecological Risks, and Remediation Approaches
Pharmaceutical pollution of freshwater ecosystems is an emerging environmental and public-health issue in India. The high drug consumption in the country, along with the presence of concentrated manufacturing hubs, inadequate wastewater treatment, and weak monitoring systems, is leading to rising pollutant release. This review summarizes the existing evidence on pharmaceutical contaminants in Indian freshwaters with the focus on classes of pollutants, sources of contamination, environmental... -
An overview of environmental pharmacoepidemiology
Environmental pharmacoepidemiology (EPE) is an emerging interdisciplinary field developed to address the health challenges arising from the complex interactions between environmental factors and drug effects. This paper systematically introduces the definitions, core research domains, methodological framework, and public health significance of EPE. The field's primary objective is to integrate data on environmental exposures and drug utilization to evaluate how the environment influences the... -
Research Advances in Modern Immunoassay Technologies and Novel Alternative Biotechnologies for Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pathogens and Chemical Contaminants
The development and application of novel rapid detection technologies are critical for advancing food safety regulation. In recent years, immunology-based methods have played a pivotal role in food safety supervision due to their speed, operational simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. However, conventional colloidal gold techniques exhibit limited sensitivity for trace analytes (e.g., early-stage microbial contamination) and are primarily qualitative, thus failing to meet the quantitative... -
Environmental Fate of Emerging Contaminants and Their Transformation Products in Mexican Aquatic Systems: Distribution, Persistence, Monitoring Gaps, and Removal
Emerging contaminants (ECs) represent a growing environmental problem due to their presence in various environmental matrices. In Mexico, research on ECs remains limited. This scoping review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, analyzes their environmental fate during the period 2004-2025, considering their distribution in surface and groundwater, sediments, and influents and effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The reviewed studies demonstrate the presence of... -
Unique fluoroalkyl substituents: is there life after CF3?
Over the past few decades, the trifluoromethyl group (CF(3)) has become one of the most prevalent in applied chemistry, frequently appearing in approved drugs and even more commonly in agrochemicals. However, this widespread use has led to the accumulation of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the environment as a byproduct of metabolic and environmental degradation, prompting legislative actions to restrict certain chemicals and even entire compound classes of so-called "forever chemicals". Hence,... -
A historical perspective of radioprotection studies in India with a focus on plant-derived radioprotectors
This article reviews the evolution of radioprotection research in major Indian laboratories over the past seventy years, tracing a systematic progression in the exploration of various protective agents. The significant contribution of premier Indian institutions dedicated to 'Radioprotection Development Programme' is highlighted. Early investigations focused on synthetic radiopro-tectors, particularly sulphydryl compounds, which demonstrated strong radioprotective effects in laboratory settings.... -
The exposome-autoimmunity axis: environmental xenobiotics, gut dysbiosis, and potential pathways to immunosenescence
The escalating incidence of autoimmune diseases cannot be fully explained by genetics alone. It is increasingly linked to the exposome-the cumulative burden of lifelong environmental exposures. This review examines how pollutants (particulate matter, microplastics, agrochemicals, heavy metals) reshape the gut microbiota-immune axis and disrupt intestinal homeostasis. This triggers profound dysbiosis, characterized by reduced commensal diversity and expanded pathobionts. We highlight three... -
Early mycotoxins exposure: A hidden driver of cardiometabolic risk
Mycotoxins are fungal contaminants frequently detected in staple foods worldwide. While their toxic effects on growth and organ function are well recognized, their contribution to cardiometabolic disease programming during early life has received less attention. This review highlights the role of developmental exposure to major mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol, as a hidden driver of long-term cardiometabolic risk. Evidence indicates that... -
Modeling the coupled PM2.5-Ozone system in China: chemical mechanisms, persistent model biases and future perspectives
China's air quality governance has transitioned from separate particulate matter and ozone controls into a compound pollution era where particulate matter (PM(2).(5)) and ozone (O(3)) are linked through chemical interactions and increasingly co-occur during pollution episode. This review synthesizes the historical evolution, spatiotemporal characteristics, process-level mechanics, and modeling challenges of this coupled system. The mechanistic core relies on a shared precursor pool of volatile... -
NSAIDs in the environment: a 2020-2025 review of impacts on plant and algal Physiology
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) belong to the most frequently detected pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, raising growing concern about their effects on non-target primary producers. Unlike earlier reviews, based mainly on data collected before the year 2020, when environmental exposure levels were substantially lower, this work synthesizes research conducted over the last five years (2020-2025), a period that includes the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The pandemic was... -
From Host-Microbiome Symbiosis to Clinical Translation: A Gut Microbiome Perspective on Radiation Enteritis
Radiotherapy is an essential component of multimodal treatment for solid tumors, and more than half of patients with cancer receive radiation during their disease course. Because of the unique anatomical and physiological features of the intestine, radiation enteritis (RE) remains a common and clinically challenging complication of abdominal and pelvic irradiation, with limited effective treatment options. In this review, we re-examine RE from a host-microbiome perspective. We summarize... -
Meloxicam in the Environment: Pathways of Entry, Ecotoxicity, and Removal Strategies
Meloxicam, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, is commonly used as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in both human and veterinary medicine. Owing to its heterocyclic structure, toxicity to invertebrates, vertebrates, and microorganisms, and potential to biomagnify through the food webs, meloxicam persists in the environment and poses a risk to ecological health. There is still a paucity of information on meloxicam as a pharmaceutical contaminant. It is not included in priority lists,... -
On the Detection and Scope of "Third-Hand Vaping": A Critical Review of the Literature
Background: "Third-hand" exposure produced by "second-hand" environmental vaping aerosol (EVA) has been reported as a parallel analogue of "third-hand smoke" (THS) produced by residues of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Methods: To assess the plausibility and scope of "third-hand" vaping exposure, we examine the available evidence on THS phenomenology and the physicochemical properties of EVA. We also evaluate daily intake doses from direct dermal exposure to nicotine under simplified but... -
Ethanol as a Modifier of Drug Toxicity in Humans: Pathways of Toxicity and Organ-Level Consequences
Ethanol consumption can modify both drug exposure and drug response. However, the clinical relevance of these interactions depends strongly on the timing and pattern of alcohol intake, the affected pharmacological pathway, the dosage form and organ reserve. This review summarizes current evidence on ethanol-drug interactions, particularly human crossover studies, phenotyping studies, cohort analyses and appropriate case reports. It distinguishes acute ethanol-drug co-exposure, chronic alcohol... -
Global black carbon aerosol: Spatiotemporal distributions, drivers, and health impacts
Black carbon (BC) is a key short-lived climate pollutant and a toxic component of PM(2.5). This review synthesizes global BC studies published since 2000 and evaluates its spatiotemporal distribution, source contributions, meteorological drivers, and health risks. The compiled evidence shows high concentrations are mainly found in South Asia and Africa, while low concentrations occur in Europe and North America. South American records were limited in the screened literature, and the apparent... -
Advances on the effects and mechanisms of maternal exposure to particulate matter on offspring neurodevelopment
Maternal particulate matter exposure is an important environmental risk factor for offspring neurodevelopment. Epidemiological and toxicological evidence indicates that prenatal particulate matter exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in offspring, including anxiety-like behavior, impaired memory, and altered social behavior. This review summarizes global epidemiological evidence and relevant animal studies, and discusses potential biological... -
Interfacial electro-demulsification of industrial oily wastewater: Challenges from fundamental mechanisms to industrial implementation
Oily emulsified wastewater contains oils, salts, surfactants, PAHs, and other hazardous compounds, and its high toxicity and emulsion stability challenge conventional treatment technologies. Electrochemical demulsification offers high efficiency, mild operation, and automation potential. This review summarizes the sources, characteristics, discharge standards, and conventional treatment methods of oily emulsified wastewater, and compares three representative electrochemical technologies:... -
Contaminants of emerging concern in Mediterranean groundwater: The more we analyse, the more diversity we observe
A review of case studies investigating contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Mediterranean groundwater (2006-2024) highlights where there are few investigations or limited CECs analysed, there is important information missing on CEC diversity. This was evident from the relatively high diversity of CECs reported in the 30 publications on Spanish groundwaters, including 127 types of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), 36 pesticides and 26 industrial products. In comparison,... -
The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PM2.5 and viral polyexposure
Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM(2.5)) and respiratory viruses rarely occurs in isolation, but rather in complex polyexposure contexts during daily life. On a cellular and molecular level, vaping induces a distinct lipid-laden macrophage phenotype, alters pulmonary neutrophilic infiltration and impairs epithelial differentiation and ciliary function. In contrast, PM(2.5) alters the macrophage polarisation equilibrium, temporally favouring... -
The role and therapeutic prospects of intercellular communication and RNA m6A modification in radiation-induced liver injury
Radiation-induced liver injury (RILI) is a common and severe complication of radiotherapy for abdominal and thoracic malignancies. Ionizing radiation triggers widespread alterations of the N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification landscape of hepatic RNA. Dysregulated m⁶A methylation disrupts hepatocyte homeostasis, immune cell activation and intercellular communication, and thus may contribute to the progression of RILI from acute inflammation to chronic hepatic fibrosis. Although intercellular... -
Current understanding of environmental exposures and sarcoidosis
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disease with unknown etiology. The role of exposures in sarcoidosis is incompletely understood. Gene-environment interactions are likely an important aspect of sarcoidosis etiology and phenotypes. This review critically evaluates the current literature regarding the role of environmental factors in sarcoidosis. -
Making waves: The overlooked role of non-antibiotic drugs in driving antibiotic resistance gene dissemination
Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dissemination has long been attributed primarily to antibiotic contamination. However, this paradigm is increasingly challenged by emerging evidence that non antibiotic drugs (NADs) constitute a pervasive and previously overlooked driver of ARG spread. Here, we summarize that widely-used NADs (such as antidepressants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can actively promote horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and accelerate the emergence of multidrug resistance... -
Fungal bioreactors for treatment of emerging organic pollutants: Pellet-based and immobilized configurations
This review evaluates fungal bioreactors for the removal of emerging organic pollutants, focusing on pellet-based and immobilized configurations under different operating conditions. A dataset of 71 studies was analyzed by considering reactor configuration, operating mode, and key operating parameters (e.g., pollutant family, carrier type, and wastewater sterility). Overall, removal efficiency was strongly pollutant-dependent. Exploratory comparisons across the available studies suggested that... -
Multifaceted nature of milk: potential source of parasites and a natural approach to parasite infection control
Milk, a vital dietary staple across cultures, exhibits a complex interplay of properties that extend beyond its nutritional value. This review explores the multifaceted nature of milk, highlighting its role as a potential carrier of parasitic pathogens, matrix for detecting parasitic infections, and natural methods for controlling parasitic infections. The potential presence of parasites in milk may represent a public health concern depending on factors such as animal species, regional parasite... -
Sun Exposure and Cancer Outcomes (Incidence, Treatment, Survivorship) in Outdoor Workers
Outdoor workers in the Western United States (US), such as farm laborers, landscapers, and construction crews, face daily sun exposure far above safe limits, often up to ten times more than indoor workers, placing them at high risk for non-melanoma skin cancers and melanoma. Yet, despite decades of evidence, US regulations still do not classify solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation as a workplace hazard. Existing protections, like California’s heat illness rules, address temperature but ignore... -
Occurrence of antibacterials, antivirals, and anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals for COVID-19 treatment as emerging contaminants in the Chinese freshwater environment before, during and after the pandemic: the need for dynamic eco-pharmacovigilance
CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed highly distinct regional and temporal variations in surface freshwater pollution by these COVID-19-associated PiE across the three periods, with no consistent regularity observed, thereby further highlighting the necessity of implementing EPV in a "dynamic" manner. Drawing on the framework of dynamic pharmacovigilance, the implementation of dynamic EPV can be promoted by establishing a dynamic watch-list mechanism, clarifying stakeholder roles, and advancing... -
Methods for Determining the Number of Mold Fungi in the Air-Current Trends
Indoor fungal contamination poses significant health concerns due to the diversity and dynamic behaviour of airborne spores. Accurate quantification of indoor fungal bioaerosols remains challenging because of variability in sampling efficiency, particle-size resolution, and analytical approaches. This review critically evaluates commonly used physical sampling methods, including Andersen cascade impactors, Coriolis μ liquid cyclones, sedimentation techniques, and filter-based air sampling, with... -
Analyte-electrode interactions and analytical performance of electrochemical-SERS in complex food matrices
Electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS) exploits the molecular specificity of Raman spectroscopy and controllable manipulation offered by electrochemical techniques. This integration enables selective enrichment of electrochemically active molecules at the electrode surface, which simultaneously serves as a nanoparticle-based SERS substrate. The enhanced Raman signal from target molecules located within plasmonic hotspots enables accurate analysis. EC-SERS applications in... -
Aquaporin-1 gene therapy as a novel method to treat radiation-induced salivary gland damage: The case for adeno-associated virus vectors
Head and neck cancer imposes a substantial disease burden, with approximately 65,000 new cases annually in the United States and 500,000 cases worldwide. Radiation therapy remains a primary treatment modality for many patients with head and neck cancer. Despite advances aimed at limiting exposure of normal tissues within the field of radiation, salivary gland injury is a common and often unavoidable consequence of treatment. Although the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced salivary gland... -
Environmental pharmaceutical and antibiotic mixtures: An exposomics-guided framework for mechanistic toxicology
Pharmaceuticals and antibiotics occur in the environment as complex, time-varying mixtures, but their toxicological interpretation remains limited by targeted chemical lists, parent-compound monitoring, and single-compound testing. This narrative review synthesizes representative peer-reviewed evidence and integrates established exposomics, HRMS, EDA, AEP, and AOP concepts into a framework for mechanistic interpretation of environmental pharmaceutical and antibiotic mixtures. This integration... -
A critical review on utilization of drywall gypsum waste powder and ceramic waste powder in concrete: a sustainability perspective
The growing volume of construction and demolition waste and the high carbon footprint of cement production have driven interest in waste-derived materials for sustainable concrete. This study presents a critical systematic review of the use of gypsum waste powder (GWP) and ceramic waste powder (CWP) as partial cement replacements, focusing on material mechanisms, performance limits, durability behaviour and sustainability trade-offs. The review follows PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and peer-reviewed... -
From Raw Materials to Distinct Flavors: Unraveling the Microbial Fermentation of Guizhou Sour Soup
The modernization of traditional fermented foods is often constrained by a limited understanding of the complex microbial ecosystems underpinning their quality. Guizhou sour soup, a representative Chinese fermented food, exemplifies this challenge. This review systematically reveals that its distinctive characteristics stem from a raw material-driven fermentation ecology. Red sour soup and rice sour soup cultivate specific functional microbial communities centered on lactic acid bacteria and... -
Environmental Impact of Pharmaceuticals - How can doctors lead sustainable prescribing practices?
Medicines are the most common and, in many cases, the most effective treatment for disease. Medicine use is expected to continue to rise in the coming years, due in part to an ageing population. At the same time, knowledge of the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals has grown. *Therefore*, there is increasing discussion of the need for clinicians to take such impacts into account when selecting treatment for their patients. The World Health Organization has proposed the One Health approach,... -
Could e-cigarette devices generate inhalable micro- and nanoplastics? Exposure plausibility and reproductive relevance
Electronic cigarettes are widely used by individuals in their reproductive years, yet polymer materials in pods, wicks, seals, and casings remain underexamined as possible contributors to inhaled particulate exposure. This narrative review evaluates whether e-cigarette device components could plausibly generate microplastics or nanoplastics during use and whether such particles, if present, could have reproductive relevance. Evidence from device-material studies, polymer degradation chemistry,... -
From plant-derived food processing waste to dietary fiber: Extraction, modification, and applications of Mesona chinensis Benth by-product (McBP) - A review
The processing of Mesona chinensis Benth generates substantial by-products (McBP), rich in dietary fiber, yet this resource remains largely underutilized across Asia. Despite extensive research on M. chinensis Benth, McBP is underutilized, and systematic studies are lacking. Unlocking the high-value utilization of McBP therefore represents a pressing challenge and a core objective in plant-derived food processing. To this end, we summarize its dietary fiber content and monosaccharide... -
Nanozyme-Driven Multiplex Signal Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Chemical Contaminants in Food: A Review
Chemical contaminants in food pose a serious threat to public health, driving the need for sensitive, rapid, and on-site screening methods. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is rapid and portable but suffers from single-signal readout and insufficient label stability. Nanozymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-like catalytic activity and excellent stability, have emerged as promising signal labels to address these limitations. Moreover, their diverse physiochemical properties enable multiplex signal... -
Toxic and explosive risks in pharmacy: An underestimated reality
Pharmacists, while central to medication safety, face underestimated risks due to their daily exposure to toxic and explosive substances. In compounding pharmacies, handling carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic (CMR) substances such as chemotherapy drugs, anesthetic gases, antibiotics, and hormones poses significant health hazards. These substances can cause environmental and secondary contamination through fine powder dispersion or volatile vapors, leading to indirect exposure even with... -
Microplastics and complex environmental contaminants: Interactions with heatwave, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and pathogens - a systematic review
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread environmental contaminants found across both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. While many studies have explored interactions between MPs and individual environmental stressors such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, pathogens, or temperature changes, these interactions are rarely examined together. In natural environments, MPs are exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously, which may interact in complex ways and affect their environmental behavior and... -
Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of asthma: From the insight on programmed cell death
CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the role of PCD in asthma, furnishes a theoretical foundation for TCM-based interventions for asthma via PCD modulation, delineates the molecular mechanisms of the factors in the five primary PCD pathways, synopsizes the intervention mechanism and application of TCM in asthma treatment via PCD modulation, and presents reference concepts for the advancement of TCM interventions for asthma. The review concludes by identifying future research directions and... -
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the human urinary system: Molecular mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and translational perspectives for risk mitigation
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants known for their widespread distribution and bioaccumulation. Recent studies indicate that PFAS exposure may adversely affect human urinary system health. Despite the growing body of research, a systematic understanding of their toxic mechanisms remains limited. This review evaluates the current evidence linking PFAS exposure to urinary disorders, including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and benign... -
Starch-Based Conductive Hydrogels for Wearable Sensors: Preparation Methods, Conductive Structures, and Key Performance Enhancement Strategies
Starch is the most abundant natural polymer and plays a crucial role in the development of hydrogel materials. Starch-based conductive hydrogels have been widely applied in wearable sensors owing to their excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility. This review summarizes the recent advances in starch-based conductive hydrogels for wearable sensor applications. It outlines the relationships between the fundamental structure of starch and the resulting material structures and... -
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Pharmaceutical Detection in Wastewater: Imprinting Strategies, Analytical Performance, and Challenges
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have emerged as robust and versatile recognition elements for electrochemical sensing due to their high chemical and mechanical stability, cost-effective fabrication, and excellent selectivity toward target analytes. In recent years, MIP-based electrochemical sensors have gained significant attention for the detection of pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater, addressing growing environmental and public health concerns. This review provides a... -
Structural and Functional Changes in Biological Systems of Wastewater Treatment Plants Induced by Bicyclic Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs-A Review
The increasing presence of pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments poses a significant challenge for wastewater treatment systems worldwide. Among these emerging contaminants, bicyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are particularly concerning due to their high consumption, partial metabolism, and long-lasting persistence in wastewater. This review was prepared critically based on popular databases such as PubMed and the Google Scholar website, and using the modern... -
Anaerobic digestion of recalcitrant organics and emerging contaminants in pharmaceutical wastewater for carbon neutrality and bioresource recovery: A critical review
Pharmaceutical wastewater is characterized by complex composition, high toxicity, and a high proportion of recalcitrant organics. Conventional treatment processes, such as the activated sludge process, often suffer from high energy consumption, substantial carbon emissions, and limited resource recovery. To address the challenges posed by recalcitrant organics and emerging contaminants in pharmaceutical wastewater, this review critically examines advanced anaerobic digestion technologies and... -
The comet assay as a tool for human biomonitoring of exposure to environmental and occupational agents - A summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
This paper compiles results from six systematic reviews and meta-analyses on associations between environmental and occupational exposure to chemicals and levels of DNA strand breaks in human leukocytes, measured by the comet assay. There are no differences in effect sizes when using different comet descriptors. However, lower central tendencies are obtained by using a non-parametric test as compared to the standard parametric analysis, indicating that the standard meta-analyses tend to... -
Recent Advances in Pesticide Nanocapsules from Chemical Design to Controlled Release
Rapid degradation, poor retention, and low bioavailability hamper traditional pesticides, thereby diminishing efficacy, exacerbating environmental pollution, and necessitating frequent application. While nanoencapsulation systems stabilize active ingredients and facilitate controlled release, the molecular architecture of the carrier wall ultimately dictates nanocapsule performance. This review presents a function-oriented framework that systematically connects wall chemistry with... -
Advances in the management of allergic rhinitis: clinical relevance of the mometasone furoate-olopatadine association and the challenge of patient self-diagnosis and self-treatment
Allergic rhinitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease that significantly impairs sleep, daily functioning and quality of life, with symptoms increasingly amplified by environmental changes such as prolonged pollen seasons and urban pollution. Despite effective therapies, many patients remain poorly controlled due to delayed diagnosis, inappropriate self-selection of over-the-counter medications, limited adherence and incorrect intranasal technique. The fixed-dose intranasal combination of... -
Stability and Efficacy of Medicines Beyond Their Expiration Dates: A Systematic Review
CONCLUSIONS: Many medicines remain stable and effective well beyond their labeled expiration dates, indicating a need to reconsider current shelf-life assignment practices. Extending shelf-lives should be evaluated to minimize pharmaceutical waste and increase medicine access. The final decision to use expired medicines or extend their shelf-life should rest with medicine regulatory agencies after risk-based consideration of available evidence, individual product characteristics and patient... -
Lifestyle and Environment Aspects Challenging Kidney Health
BACKGROUND: Both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (AKI, CKD) are increasingly frequently reported conditions. This translates into a progressive increase in the number of patients reaching advanced stages of kidney failure, which, in addition to being associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, leads to an increase in patients requiring renal replacement therapy, with a significant clinical and economic impact. Evidence has accumulated that unhealthy dietary... -
Antibacterial hydrogels for food safety: recent advances and applications
Antibacterial hydrogels represent a class of biomaterials that integrate multicomponent synergy and multimodal antibacterial mechanisms. Precise engineering of their composition and modular architecture enables the integration of potent antibacterial action, versatility, and enhanced biocompatibility, demonstrating remarkable potential for advanced antimicrobial applications. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of cross-linking design paradigms, classification,... -
Multiplexed electrochemical biosensors: system-level design frameworks, signal decoding strategies and translational perspectives for food safety
Food safety remains a pressing global public health concern, necessitating the development of analytical technologies that are sensitive, rapid, portable, and capable of simultaneous multi-analyte detection in decentralized settings. Multiplexed electrochemical biosensors (MEBs) have emerged as a highly promising platform, combining intrinsic electrochemical sensitivity with parallel detection capability, low cost, and amenability to miniaturization. Although significant progress has been... -
Environmental occurrence, exposure, toxicity, and transformation of benzothiazoles: A review
Benzothiazoles (BTs) are a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused with a 1,3-thiazole ring. They have been widely used as vulcanization accelerators, fungicides, corrosion inhibitors, herbicides, anti-cancer drugs, etc., leading to their ubiquitous presence in various environmental media. Numerous studies have demonstrated that BTs exhibit multiple toxic effects. In this review, we systematically summarized research findings on the environmental occurrence,... -
The Formation Mechanism and Regulation of Fermented Bean Paste Flavor: Microbial Community Succession, Flavor Compound Synthesis, and Applications of Intelligent Biomanufacturing Technology
As an important carrier of East Asian dietary culture, the unique flavor and quality of fermented bean paste directly affect its market competitiveness. However, previous studies have primarily focused on microbial communities or overall flavor components, and there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the systematic correlation and dynamic regulation mechanisms between the two. The scientific elucidation and precise regulation of the microbial-metabolic network during the... -
The Emerging Role of Peroxyacetic Acid in Water and Wastewater Treatment: Degradation of Pharmaceuticals, Microplastics, and Other Micropollutants
Conventional wastewater treatment systems cannot effectively eliminate micropollutants such as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). These compounds, even at trace levels, are persistent or pseudo-persistent, bioaccumulative, and potentially harmful to ecosystems and human health. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the in situ generation of highly reactive oxygen species, have emerged as promising solutions. Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) has gained attention due to its strong oxidizing... -
Fruit Seeds with Functional Applications: From Food Waste to Potential Uses
Significant amounts of food waste come from fruit processing, causing economic and environmental impacts. The waste generated is a valuable source of compounds due to its concentration of nutrients, such as dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, lipids with mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive compounds. Despite the nutritional and functional qualities of the waste, it is still commonly discarded and underutilized, demonstrating the importance of studying it. The selected fruits... -
Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Drugs and Their Metabolites in Human Hair: A Systematic Review From 2010 to 2025
Hair has emerged as a valuable biological matrix for documenting long-term or cumulative drug exposure. Although hair analysis is well established in forensic toxicology, its potential application to monitor occupational exposure to hazardous drugs among healthcare workers remains unexplored. This systematic review aimed to describe analytical methods used for drug quantification in human hair and to assess the feasibility of applying this approach to hazardous drug exposure monitoring. A... -
Recent Advances on Application of Modified Biochar for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds from Wastewater
The widespread use of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) has led to their extensive contamination in aquatic environments. Biochar, a carbon-rich and porous material, offers a promising solution for the remediation of PCs, particularly when modified. Modification methods can be physical (ball milling, steam activation, and CO(2) activation) or chemical (acid/alkali treatment, oxidation, surface functionalization, metal impregnation, and nano structuring). These treatments enhance biochar's... -
Application of food-grade antimicrobial emulsions in active packaging coatings and films: A comprehensive review
Active packaging based on food-grade antimicrobial emulsions (including microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and Pickering emulsions) offers a promising solution to the problem of microbial spoilage. This review first systematically examines the characteristics and antimicrobial mechanisms of antimicrobial agents from different sources. Subsequently, it comprehensively summarizes and compares the preparation methods, structural features, and physicochemical properties of the three types of emulsions,... -
Chitosan-based hybrid composites for emerging organic micropollutants removal from wastewater: Recent advancement, mechanism, up-scaling, and challenges
The unprecedented rise in emerging organic micropollutants (EOMPs) due to the globalization and industrialization has inescapably risen to their maximum known concentrations in the aquatic ecosystem, till date. Chitosan has emerged as one of the abundant and promising biopolymer for evolving as eco-friendly adsorbents for EOMPs removal from wastewater. The present review paper initially includes different sources, preparation, properties and various modification techniques of chitosan-based... -
Synergistic integration of heterojunctions and hydrogels: Types, mechanisms, and applicsations
Heterojunctions, as semiconductor materials, possess excellent photocatalytic properties and are widely applied in fields such as disease treatment, biosensing, environmental remediation, and energy. However, heterojunctions still encounter issues of environmental sensitivity and low biocompatibility in practical applications, which limit their application in various fields. In recent years, the combination of heterojunctions with hydrogels to form hydrogel composites has been widely used in the... -
A critical review of septic tanks as a pathway for active pharmaceutical ingredients to the aquatic environment - existing knowledge and future perspectives on their monitoring and management
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are present in aquatic environments at concentrations that can impact ecosystems. Their major pathway to the environment is in the discharge of wastewater effluents from centralised wastewater treatment works (WWTWs). However, in most rural areas where houses are not connected to a public sewage network, single households or groups of houses rely on onsite wastewater treatment works (OWTWs), mainly septic tanks (STs). Therefore, STs are reviewed as a... -
Chloramphenicol Residue Analysis in Food and Environmental Matrices: Regulatory Framework and Advances in Trace-Level Determination
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent whose use in food-producing animals is prohibited in many countries due to its association with severe adverse effects, including idiosyncratic aplastic anemia and genotoxicity. Despite these restrictions, chloramphenicol residues continue to be detected in food products, environmental compartments, and biological matrices, highlighting the need for reliable and sensitive analytical monitoring. This review provides a comprehensive overview... -
Risk of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with paternal use of valproate during spermatogenesis: a living meta-analysis-version 1
CONCLUSIONS: In this living meta-analysis, we found no evidence that paternal exposure to valproate compared with lamotrigine/levetiracetam during spermatogenesis was associated with increased risk of NDDs in offspring. -
The Neuroprotective Effect of a Waste Byproduct Obtained From Pomegranate (Punica granatum)
Pomegranate is an exceptional fruit that can have several beneficial effects on human health. The peel of pomegranate, a waste product, should be recovered as it still contains valuable constituents, including phenolic compounds, minerals and fibre. The recovery of bioactive compounds occurs through eco-sustainable extraction techniques that reduce costs and promote environmental sustainability and public health. Neurodegeneration is a pathological process causing progressive neuronal damage,... -
Environmental Aspects in Price and Reimbursement Decisions of Medicines-A Scoping Review
Environmental impacts of medicines are increasingly recognised but rarely embedded in their pricing and reimbursement (P&R) and related assessments. This scoping review mapped how environmental aspects, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) stewardship, are or could be considered in P&R of medicines and identified challenges for their implementation. Electronic searches from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Edilex, HeinOnline, Westlaw, Google Scholar and official agencies' websites were... -
Deciphering Radiation-Induced Lung Injury: From Therapeutic Challenges to Macrophage-Centered Molecular Mechanisms and Innovative Interventions
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a life-threatening complication of thoracic radiation therapy for malignancies. It poses 2 challenges in clinical management: the progression from acute radiation pneumonitis to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis and the limitations of current therapies, such as glucocorticoids and antifibrotic drugs, because of efficacy constraints and adverse effects. Recent studies have revealed that pulmonary macrophages form a spatiotemporally regulated... -
Pharmaceuticals, personal care-products and current-use pesticides: a review of the available data from European seas
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as well as current-use pesticides (CUPs) are considered to be contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), but there is limited information that exists about their occurrence and impact in the marine environment. A database of these CECs has been created as an overview of their occurrence and distribution in European marine waters by the ICES Marine Chemistry Working Group (MCWG) and collaborators from various European countries. The majority of the... -
Microbial interactions with pharmaceutical pollutants: Implications for biodegradation and antibiotic resistance
Pharmaceutical pollutants, including antibiotics, analgesics, steroids, and endocrine disruptors, are emerging as persistent pollutants in aquatic systems. Their continuous discharge through wastewater and pharmaceutical effluents has raised serious environmental and health concerns due to their role in promotion and selection of antibiotic resistance in micro-organisms. Microorganisms have demonstrated the ability to mineralize and transform pharmaceutical pollutants through specific metabolic... -
Integration of mass spectrometry and molecular biotechnology to study bioaerosols
Conventional culture-based and microscopic approaches yield limited information about the diversity, content, and real-time behaviour of biological aerosols. In recent years, mass spectrometry (MS) and molecular biotechnology have evolved as powerful and complementary analytical methods for detecting, identifying, and characterising air biological particles. This study critically reviews recent improvements in MS-based techniques for analysing bioaerosol chemical markers, proteins, metabolites,... -
Evaluating the Validity of the Action Limit and Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) in Environmental Risk Assessment Guidance for Novel Human Pharmaceuticals in Japan
As human pharmaceuticals are physiologically active substances, it is essential to assess their potential risk to ecosystems after being released into the environment. In Japan, the "Guidance on the Environmental Risk Assessment in New Pharmaceutical Development" (hereafter referred to as "the guidance") was issued in 2016. The guidance includes the environmental risk assessment (ERA) workflow, in which novel pharmaceuticals subjected to ecotoxicity testing are selected based on n-octanol/water... -
Phytogenic and natural immunostimulants in the prevention of Lactococcus garvieae infection: an eco-friendly approach
Aquaculture is developing in many countries to meet the rising protein demand associated with a rapidly growing human population. However, intensification of production brings with it challenges such as deteriorating water quality and increasing disease outbreaks. These conditions lead to an increased risk of infectious diseases and led to higher mortality rates, which causes economic losses. Lactococcosis, particularly that caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus garvieae, is one of... -
Genetic Polymorphisms and Antioxidant Reactions in Prostate Cancer
This review aggregates the latest reports on the role of environmental factors in the male reproductive system and cancer development. We analyzed environmental pollution-related studies and disorders of mechanisms responsible for defense against the impact of xenobiotics on prostate cancer. We focused on polymorphisms that, when exposed to environmental stressors, might exacerbate an organism's defense mechanisms against the effects of xenobiotics. It is well known that environmental factors,... -
Matrix-dependent analytical strategies for the detection of drug-infused foods: A comprehensive review
Drug-infused foods are increasingly encountered in forensic investigations, including drug-facilitated crimes (DFC), chemical submission cases, and the seizure of adulterated edible products. The heterogeneous physicochemical characteristics of food matrices pose substantial analytical challenges for the reliable extraction, identification, and quantification of psychoactive substances in evidentiary samples. This review systematically examines twenty food matrices with high reported frequencies... -
Harnessing the versatility of Sphingobium yanoikuyae: a review of its taxonomy, genomics, and multifaceted applications
Sphingobium yanoikuyae is a metabolically versatile, Gram-negative bacterium within the family Sphingobiaceae, recognized for its exceptional capacity to degrade a broad spectrum of xenobiotic compounds. Its ecological adaptability and enzymatic diversity enable the transformation of structurally complex pollutants into less toxic intermediates across diverse environmental settings. Although members of the genus Sphingobium have been widely studied, a focused and integrative synthesis...
