The Lancet (global health)
The Lancet. Global health[Journal]: Latest results from PubMed
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HIV testing during systematic screening for tuberculosis among household contacts in high-tuberculosis burden settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis household contacts are at elevated risk of HIV, and systematic screening for tuberculosis is an opportunity for people to know their status. We aimed to assess the coverage and positivity of HIV testing during household systematic screening for tuberculosis. -
Affordability decision rules: a systematic review and framework for categorising budget impact thresholds across health systems
BACKGROUND: Affordability concerns have become increasingly relevant in health systems globally when deciding on the adoption and coverage of new interventions. However, a standardised approach for defining budget impact remains elusive. This study aimed to contribute to filling this gap by systematically identifying budget impact thresholds (BITs) currently in use, proposing BIT categories, and illustrating how these estimates could be applied across 182 countries to support local... -
Regional and type-specific variations in the global seasonality of human parainfluenza viruses and the influence of climatic factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are common viral causes of acute respiratory infections, resulting in substantial global disease burden. Seasonal patterns of hPIV epidemics can vary by geographical region and viral type, although these patterns are not well understood at a global level. We aimed to characterise regional and type-specific variations in hPIV seasonality and assess the potential role of climatic factors in explaining these variations. -
Prophylactic strategies for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in caesarean delivery: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
BACKGROUND: Postpartum haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Several pharmacological agents, such as oxytocin, ergot alkaloids, prostaglandins, and tranexamic acid, have been used prophylactically to prevent postpartum haemorrhage. However, the optimal prophylactic regimen and the comparative efficacy of these agents and their combinations have not been fully elucidated for individuals undergoing caesarean delivery. We aimed... -
Protection from killed whole-cell cholera vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (kOCVs) are a standard prevention and control measure in cholera-endemic areas and during outbreaks and humanitarian emergencies. New evidence has emerged and the ways in which the vaccines are used have changed. We aimed to provide an updated synthesis of evidence on protection conferred by kOCV. -
Effective refractive error coverage in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of updated estimates from population-based surveys in 76 countries modelling the path towards the 2030 global target
BACKGROUND: In 2024, WHO included effective refractive error coverage (eREC) into the results framework of the 14th General Programme of Work, which sets a road map for global health and guides WHO's work between 2025 and 2028. eREC is a measure of both the availability and quality of refractive correction in a population. This study aimed to model global and regional estimates of eREC as of 2023 and evaluate progress towards the WHO global target of a 40 percentage-point absolute increase in... -
Post-pulmonary tuberculosis lung function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Although post-tuberculosis lung disease poses a substantial threat to individuals who have recovered from pulmonary tuberculosis, data showing objective functional impairment in such people are scarce. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate respiratory impairment after pulmonary tuberculosis disease and examine differences in ventilatory defects. -
The aetiologies, mortality, and disability of non-traumatic coma in African children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Non-traumatic coma in African children is a common life-threatening presentation often leading to hospital attendance. We aimed to estimate the distribution of non-traumatic coma causes and outcomes, including disease-specific outcomes, for which evidence is scarce. -
Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009-20: a WHO systematic analysis
BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality is not on track to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.1 of a global maternal mortality ratio below 70 per 100 000 livebirths by 2030. Updated evidence on causes of death is needed to accelerate progress. -
Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in the WHO African region: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: More new infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) occur annually in the WHO African region than in the rest of the world combined. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in pregnant women and vertical transmission events in the region. -
The effects of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation and small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation on small vulnerable newborn types in low-income and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of individual participant data
BACKGROUND: Small vulnerable newborn types, defined by combinations of being born too soon or too small, have distinct determinants and health consequences. We aimed to assess the effects of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) and small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation (SQ-LNS) on small vulnerable newborn types, which are currently unknown. -
The prevalence of hypoxaemia in paediatric and adult patients in health-care facilities in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Hypoxaemia (low oxygen saturation in blood) is a key predictor of in-hospital mortality, affecting people of all ages with many different conditions. Early detection and treatment of hypoxaemia are critical, but there are few data to quantify hypoxaemia burden outside the child pneumonia population. We aimed to estimate hypoxaemia prevalence for adults and children with acute illness attending health facilities in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).
