The Lancet (global health)

1. Global burden of early-onset bowel cancer among Indigenous populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

   BACKGROUND: The incidence of early-onset bowel cancer, defined as a diagnosis before age 50 years, is rising globally. However, the burden of early-onset bowel cancer among Indigenous populations remains unclear because of the absence of Indigenous data in global cancer statistics. This Article aimed to compare the global incidence, mortality, and survival rates of early-onset bowel cancer among Indigenous versus non-Indigenous populations.

2. Strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance in newborns in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

   BACKGROUND: Optimal strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and their effect on newborns in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain unclear. We assessed the effectiveness of AMR mitigation strategies for newborn care in LMICs.

3. Global estimates of tuberculosis incidence during pregnancy and postpartum: a rapid review and modelling analysis

   BACKGROUND: Despite known maternal, perinatal, and infant health risks of tuberculosis during pregnancy, global estimates of incidence remain scarce. Existing estimates are outdated, and do not include the postpartum period, HIV co-infection, age, or specific changes in risk, limiting our understanding of the true scale of disease in this understudied population.

4. HIV testing during systematic screening for tuberculosis among household contacts in high-tuberculosis burden settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

   BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis household contacts are at elevated risk of HIV, and systematic screening for tuberculosis is an opportunity for people to know their status. We aimed to assess the coverage and positivity of HIV testing during household systematic screening for tuberculosis.

5. Affordability decision rules: a systematic review and framework for categorising budget impact thresholds across health systems

   BACKGROUND: Affordability concerns have become increasingly relevant in health systems globally when deciding on the adoption and coverage of new interventions. However, a standardised approach for defining budget impact remains elusive. This study aimed to contribute to filling this gap by systematically identifying budget impact thresholds (BITs) currently in use, proposing BIT categories, and illustrating how these estimates could be applied across 182 countries to support local...

6. Regional and type-specific variations in the global seasonality of human parainfluenza viruses and the influence of climatic factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

   BACKGROUND: Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are common viral causes of acute respiratory infections, resulting in substantial global disease burden. Seasonal patterns of hPIV epidemics can vary by geographical region and viral type, although these patterns are not well understood at a global level. We aimed to characterise regional and type-specific variations in hPIV seasonality and assess the potential role of climatic factors in explaining these variations.

7. Prophylactic strategies for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in caesarean delivery: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

   BACKGROUND: Postpartum haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Several pharmacological agents, such as oxytocin, ergot alkaloids, prostaglandins, and tranexamic acid, have been used prophylactically to prevent postpartum haemorrhage. However, the optimal prophylactic regimen and the comparative efficacy of these agents and their combinations have not been fully elucidated for individuals undergoing caesarean delivery. We aimed...

8. Effective refractive error coverage in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of updated estimates from population-based surveys in 76 countries modelling the path towards the 2030 global target

   BACKGROUND: In 2024, WHO included effective refractive error coverage (eREC) into the results framework of the 14th General Programme of Work, which sets a road map for global health and guides WHO's work between 2025 and 2028. eREC is a measure of both the availability and quality of refractive correction in a population. This study aimed to model global and regional estimates of eREC as of 2023 and evaluate progress towards the WHO global target of a 40 percentage-point absolute increase in...