Jama

Articoli pubblicati su jama

1. JAMA

2. Audio Highlights May 16, 2025

   Listen to the JAMA Editor’s Summary for an overview and discussion of the important articles appearing in JAMA.

3. Correction of Author Names

   In a Letter to the Editor titled “Transfusion Strategy for Acute Brain Injury,” published in the March 4, 2025, issue of JAMA, first names and surnames were transposed for 2 authors. These authors’ names should have appeared as “WeiXian Tian” and “HanSong Sheng.” This article was corrected online.

4. Civil Defense a Civilian Responsibility

   Opinion has been expressed in some instances that civil defense preparations are entirely the responsibility of the military. This was a cause for concern at a recent meeting of the Council on National Emergency Medical Service. Representatives of the Department of Defense and the National Security Resources Board emphasized that the primary responsibility for civilian defense must be assumed by civil government, that in time of war the Armed Forces must be free to concentrate on their primary missions of repelling attack and carrying the war to the enemy. Since civilians must perform the necessary civil defense functions, they should be responsible, at all levels of government, for the required planning and preparations. Effective community action during a wartime disaster will depend largely on this peacetime development of a sense of community responsibility for self preservation.

5. A Blessing for Methylation

   memory is physical

6. Science as Poetry

   A scientific marvel, the process of DNA methylation in neurons plays a crucial role in memory formation and storage, influencing how synaptic connections are first established and later reinforced. Although this esoteric process might seem outright incredible to non-neurobiologists, in “A Blessing for Methylation,” the ingenuity of poetry becomes a useful entrée into grasping it. The brilliant opening couplet “memory/is physical” immediately bridges what might at first seem a yawning chasm between intangible humanity and hard science. The simplicity and elegance of the language throughout the poem evoke the fundamentally logical nature of the biochemical reactions that give rise to memory; the short lines with their frequent enjambment further contribute to an appreciation of the stepwise fashion in which such reactions occur. The poem also imparts a more ethereal sense of how such scientific mechanisms are translated into the wonder of our ability to remember, the last lines at once continuing the enacted metaphor of molecule-by-molecule, brick-by-brick building while surprising us with a luminous recollection of the speaker, a concrete neural product that seemingly miraculously transcends time. “… I/see my hand in/your hair again//not grey and wiry/but golden — it holds/the light like the sky//holds summer stars” arises from the cellular basis of neural plasticity evinced, surely, but also as a summative expression of a design even more astonishing and grand.

7. Error in Table

   The Original Investigation titled “Balloon Angioplasty vs Medical Management for Intracranial Artery Stenosis: The BASIS Randomized Clinical Trial,” published on September 5, 2024, was corrected to fix an error in the basilar artery row of Table 1; the correct No. and percentage for the aggressive medical management group is 73 (29.0). This article was corrected online.

8. First Drug for Nonrelapsing MS Progression on the Horizon

   Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) focus on reducing the frequency and severity of relapses after periods of recovery or remission, leaving patients with nonrelapsing secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) without effective options to slow the steady neurodegeneration. But the investigational drug tolebrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, could delay these worsening effects, a phase 3 trial suggests.

9. Yoga Rivals Strength Training for Knee Arthritis Relief

   Yoga may be beneficial for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), according to a small randomized clinical trial published in JAMA Network Open.

10. One Million New Pediatric HIV Cases Predicted If PEPFAR Funding Is Cut

    For the past 2 decades, the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has provided more than $110 billion toward the global HIV/AIDS response. If this funding stops—as suggested by a recent directive—infections and deaths are expected to rise significantly, including 1 million new pediatric cases of HIV and 460 000 additional AIDS-related deaths in children by 2030, according to a health policy analysis recently published in The Lancet.

11. WHO Issues First-Ever Global Meningitis Guidelines

    The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released its first-ever guidelines on meningitis diagnosis, treatment, and care.

12. Hearing Loss Tied to Heart Failure in Part via Emotional Strain

    Hearing loss has been linked to a heightened risk of heart failure. Although systemic vascular disorders are likely to blame, the emotional toll of hearing impairment could play an amplifying role, suggests a new observational study published in Heart.

13. GLP-1 Medications Overtake Traditional Weight-Loss Drugs

    The popularity of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists continues, with use of tirzepatide and semaglutide surpassing that of traditional weight-lowering medications.

14. Why Sense of Smell Could Be a Marker for Mortality Risk

    This Medical News article highlights recent research into olfactory deficits in older adults and mortality risk, including factors that mediate this relationship.

15. Maternal Screening for Congenital Syphilis

    Often dismissed as a deadly and dreaded disease of the past, syphilis has made a forceful and frightening comeback in the US. In particular, the recent dramatic increase in syphilis among pregnant women is an urgent public health concern. Between 2016 and 2022, according to a report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rate of maternal syphilis more than tripled in the US. In addition, this population-level data source revealed that 47 states have reported recent increases in their maternal syphilis rates. This finding underscores the breadth of this unfolding public health crisis. Predictably and worryingly, the rate of increase was steepest among mothers lacking access to prenatal care.

16. USPSTF Review: Screening for Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy

    This systematic review to support a 2025 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and harms of treatment of syphilis during pregnancy.

17. Patient Information: Screening for Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy

    This JAMA Patient Page describes syphilis infection, risks of congenital syphilis during pregnancy, and pros and cons of screening for syphilis during pregnancy.

18. USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy

    This 2025 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends early, universal screening for syphilis infection during pregnancy; if an individual is not screened early in pregnancy, the task force recommends screening at the first available opportunity (A recommendation).

19. Intratracheal Budesonide and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants

    To the Editor Dr Manley and colleagues reported that endotracheal administration of budesonide did not affect the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants. We believe 2 issues may influence the interpretation of these findings.

20. Intratracheal Budesonide and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants

    To the Editor In the PLUSS randomized clinical trial, preterm infants born at less than 28 weeks’ gestation were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive budesonide, 0.25 mg/kg, mixed with surfactant via endotracheal tube or thin catheter or surfactant alone. At 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age, 83.2% of infants who received both budesonide and surfactant and 80.6% of those who received surfactant alone were alive. Among the infants who survived to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age, the incidence of BPD was similar in both groups: 69.3% in the budesonide and surfactant group and 71.9% in the surfactant-only group. The question is, why was there no effect on survival free of BPD with early inhaled budesonide mixed with surfactant?