DRUGS

1. Efficacy and Harms of Opioid Analgesics for Acute Pain: Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses

   CONCLUSIONS: Opioid analgesics are efficacious in reducing pain in some acute conditions.

2. The Potential of Authorised Drugs to be Repurposed for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: A Scoping Review of Clinical Studies

   CONCLUSIONS: Many authorised drugs have been investigated in clinical studies to be repurposed for treating osteoarthritis, with short-term studies primarily examining symptom-modifying effects, and most long-term studies also assessing structure-modifying effects. However, the broad and heterogeneous nature of clinical research in this field complicates the accurate evaluation of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug candidates. This review, therefore, highlights the need for a more strategic...

3. Effect of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors on Lipoprotein(a) Levels: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials

   CONCLUSIONS: The PCSK9 inhibitors, particularly evolocumab 140 mg every 2 weeks, significantly lower Lp(a) alongside LDL-C and apoB. These findings highlight the consistent Lp(a)-lowering effect of PCSK9 inhibitors. However, the observed cardiovascular benefits are largely attributable to concomitant LDL-C reduction, and the incremental contribution of Lp(a) lowering remains uncertain. Confirmation from outcome trials specifically designed to target Lp(a) is required.

4. PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 Inhibitors in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

   CONCLUSIONS: PCSK9 inhibitors have lower efficacy in reducing lipid levels in HoFH compared with ANGPTL3 inhibitors, with the greatest difference seen in patients with the negative LDLR genotype. Further studies are needed to clarify efficacy across LDLR functional variants.

5. Current Evidence on Celecoxib Safety in the Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions: An Umbrella Review

   CONCLUSIONS: Celecoxib appears to offer better gastrointestinal safety than non-selective NSAIDs. Although data on cardiovascular, renal, and mortality outcomes suggest possible advantages, the evidence remains limited and of low certainty. Moreover, some real-world evidence raises concerns in specific high-risk populations. Future research should integrate data from both randomized trials and observational studies to better inform long-term safety assessments and guide individualized treatment...

6. Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors for Resistant Hypertension: Pharmacological Insights - A Systematic Review

   CONCLUSIONS: Emerging data support the potential of ASIs as a therapeutic option for RHT, particularly when treatment is individualized based on renal function, dietary sodium intake, and comorbidities. Personalized treatment strategies may enhance efficacy, improve tolerability, and support durable blood pressure control in this difficult-to-treat population.

7. Novel Potassium Binders in Reduction of Hyperkalemia and Optimization of RAAS Inhibitors Treatment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease or Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

   CONCLUSION: The RAASi treatment was associated with high prevalence of HK, especially in bigeminal and triple therapy. The NPBs were effective in RAASi optimization and HK management, especially among the CKD population.

8. Efficiency and Safety of Noninvasive and Intravesical Therapy for Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

   CONCLUSIONS: Overall, oxybutynin instillation and intravesical botulinum toxin injection demonstrated significant advantages in improving symptoms and urodynamic parameters. Our findings support intravesical treatment as a safe and effective option, provided that patients are fully informed about their treatment choices. Clinically, intravesical therapies, oral medications, nerve stimulation, and other treatments should be integrated into shared decision-making processes, while some options...

9. Safety of Anti-osteoarthritis Medications: A Systematic Literature Review of Post-marketing Surveillance Studies

   CONCLUSIONS: This SR confirms previous evidence on the safety of anti-OA medications from meta-analyses of phase 3 RCTs. Beyond the evidence here reported, the limitations of this research highlight the urgent need of a reporting guideline for post-marketing safety surveillance studies. Importantly, real-life safety surveillance of anti-OA medications should be strengthened with large cohort studies with control groups, and results should be disaggregated by disease populations for drugs common...